Journal
NANO ENERGY
Volume 51, Issue -, Pages 680-687Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.07.027
Keywords
Hole transport material; HOMO level; Blending; CZ-STA; Perovskite solar cell
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51573077]
- Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars [BK20130032]
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-12-0633]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) SunShot Initiative under the Next Generation Photovoltaics 3 program [DE-FOA-0000990]
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-17-1-2223]
- National Science Foundation [CHE-1230246, DMR-1534686, ECCS1665028]
- Air Force Research Laboratory under Space Vehicles Directorate [FA9453-11-C-0253]
- Ohio Research Scholar Program
- China Scholarship Council (CSC) [201706840039]
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To maximize the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) by developing new hole-transport layer (HTL) materials, the precise tuning of their energy levels especially the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is highly desirable. Here, a simple binary strategy for the first time is proposed to acquire ideal HOMO level by optimizing the composition of binary blend HTLs including CZ-TA (HOMO=-5.170 eV) and CZ-STA (HOMO=-5.333 eV). By adding 10 wt% CZ-STA, the binary HTM (HOMO=-5.199 eV) based perovskite solar cells achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency of 19.85% (18.32% for CZ-TA). The introducing of S atom in CZ-STA not only downshifts HOMO level but also forms stronger Pb-S interaction with perovskites than Pb-O in CZ-TA, leading to better device performance and reduced hysteresis. Importantly, the un-encapsulated PVSCs using CZ-TA: CZ-STA (90: 10, w/w) binary HTL exhibit good environment stability in ambient air, maintaining over 82% of their initial efficiency after 60 days' storage with a relative humidity around 50%. Therefore, this strategy provides new insights on HTL development to push forward the progress of the emerging PVSCs
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