Journal
NANO ENERGY
Volume 48, Issue -, Pages 369-376Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.03.069
Keywords
Sodium battery; Metallic Na anode; Dendrite-free; O3-Type Cathode; High stability
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21773264, 51788104, 21773078]
- National Key R&D Program of China [2016YFA0202500]
- Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA09010300]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [2662017QD028, 2662015PY163]
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Room-temperature Na metal batteries have been regarded as promising candidates for energy storage systems due to their high energy density and the widespread availability of low cost sodium. However, the practical application of metallic sodium anode is impeded by its low stripping/plating efficiency and poor cycling performance due to the poor reversibility of sodium anode caused by the formation of inhomogeneous solid electrolyte interphase, the growth of dendritic sodium, and relatively infinite volume change. Here, Na-C composite anode was fabricated by depositing nanoscale metallic sodium in graphitized carbon microspheres which were assembled from graphitized carbon nanosheets. The carbon microspheres function as a mini-nanoreservoir with high-surface-area, conductivity, and mechanical stability, which lower the local current density, ensure a homogeneous Na nucleation and high electrochemical active of Na, and restrict the volume change. As a result, metallic sodium can be reversibly nondendritic stripped/plated with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.3% up to 4 mA cm(-2) for 4 mA h cm(-2). Building upon this dendrite-free anode, we demonstrate a full cell using O3-NaNi0.5Mn0.2Ti0.3O2 cathode to achieve a superior long lifespan of similar to 100 cycles at high current density of 0.5 degrees C.
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