Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
Volume 111, Issue 2, Pages 331-348Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2011.08.014
Keywords
Executive function; Theory of mind; Preschoolers; Verbal ability; Longitudinal study; False belief understanding; Working memory; Inhibition
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This longitudinal study examined the concurrent and predictive relations between executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) in 82 preschoolers who were assessed when they were 2, 3, and 4 years old. The results showed that the concurrent relation between EF and ToM, after controlling for age, verbal ability, and sex, was significant at 3 and 4 years of age but not at 2 years of age. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that EF at age 2 significantly predicted ToM at age 3 and that EF at age 3 significantly predicted ToM at age 4, over and above the effects of age, verbal ability, and prior performance on ToM tasks. However, ToM at ages 2 and 3 did not explain a significant amount of variance in EF at age 4. Bootstrap procedures revealed that verbal ability at age 3 fully mediated the relation between ToM at age 2 and EF at age 4. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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