Journal
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Volume 102, Issue 1, Pages 116-131Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/a0025335
Keywords
social categorization; person perception; sex perception; race perception
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Funding
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [1052896] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Behavioral and Cognitive Sci [1052896] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We argue that race and sex categories are psychologically and phenotypically confounded, affecting social categorizations and their efficiency. Sex categorization of faces was facilitated when the race category shared facial phenotypes or stereotypes with the correct sex category (e.g., Asian women and Black men) but was impaired when the race category shared incompatible phenotypes or stereotypes with the correct sex category (e.g., Asian men and Black women). These patterns were evident in the disambiguation of androgynous faces (Study 1) and the efficiency of judgments (Studies 1, 2, 4, and 5). These patterns emerged due to common facial phenotypes for the categories Black and men (Studies 3 and 5) and due to shared stereotypes among the categories Black and men and the categories Asian and women (Studies 4 and 5). These findings challenge the notion that social categories are perceived independent of one another and show, instead, that race is gendered.
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