Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
Volume 6, Issue 32, Pages 8784-8792Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8tc02353k
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61474062]
- Joint Research Program between China and the European Union [2016YFE0112000]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20160042, XYDXX-026]
- Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China FANEDD [201436]
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Two cyanopyridine derivatives CzPyCN and CbPyCN are designed and synthesized through a simple catalyst free aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction by using 2-cyano-3,5-difluoropyridine as the electrophile and carbazole (Cz) or -carboline (Cb) as the nucleophile. CbPyCN exhibits blue-shifted emission ((max) at 420 nm), a wider optical band-bap (E-g: 3.22 eV) and a higher triplet energy (E-T: 2.79 eV) than CzPyCN (454 nm, 3.02 and 2.69 eV). The HOMO/LUMO energy levels were -5.77/-2.75 and -5.58/-2.38 eV for CzPyCN and CbPyCN, respectively. With enough HOMO/LUMO energy level offsets, CzPyCN and CbPyCN could function as electron acceptors to form an exciplex with a typical electron-donor, di-[4-(N,N-ditolyl-amino)-phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), showing broad exciplex emission with peaks at 530 and 520 nm, and long decay lifetimes of 1097 and 1014 ns, respectively. However, when mixed with 1,3-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-benzene (mCP), no exciplex but only typical CzPyCN or CbPyCN deep blue emission with a decay lifetime of 14.3 or 12.1 ns is observed. Blue phosphorescent OLEDs by using mCP (TAPC)/CzPyCN as mixed cohosts show a maximum EQE of 19.1 (6.2)%, lower than the 21.4 (13.3)% of mCP (TAPC)/CbPyCN, respectively, which is probably due to the better electron-transport properties and higher triplet energy levels for electron-deficient -carboline containing CbPyCN. Similarly, exciplex-type green fluorescent OLEDs based on TAPC/CzPyCN show a lower maximum efficiency of 22.0 cd A(-1) and 7.4% than 27.5 cd A(-1) and 9.1% of TAPC/CbPyCN.
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