Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 6, Issue 2, Pages 456-463Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7ta09023d
Keywords
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Funding
- Tier 1 (AcRF grant MOE Singapore) [M4011528]
- Tier 2 (AcRF grant MOE Singapore) [M4020159]
- Tier 2 [MOE2015-T2-1-148]
- Chinese Natural Science Foundation [51271031]
- Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB)
- Department of Science & Technology, Govt, of India through Ramanujan Fellowship [SB/S2/RJN-088/2016]
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Li3VO4 (LVO) anode materials with controllable morphologies ranging from spherical-assemblies, single-crystal nanorods, and flower shapes to bulk-shapes were fabricated via a solvothermal approach using different alcohols (i.e., ethanol, methanol, propanol, and butanol). XRD, SEM, BET, Raman and FTIR and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements were carried out to correlate their structure/morphology with their electrochemical characteristics. The experimental results reveal that both structure and morphology play important roles in the Li+ ion storage of LVO, which degrades in the sequential order from nanorods, to spheres, to flowers and finally to bulk. The LVO nanorods are hierarchical and have a small particle size, high specific surface area, and high crystallinity; thus, they exhibit the largest Li+ ion diffusion coefficient and best electrochemical performance among the four electrodes. Moreover, coating carbon on the single-crystal LVO nanorods further enhances their Li+ ion storage ability. Consequently, the carbon-coated LVO nanorods deliver a high reversible capacity of 440 mA h g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1) with good cycling stability and demonstrate great practical application. In addition, the results promote a better fundamental understanding of the Li+ ion storage behavior in LVO and provide insight into the optimal design of LVO and other vanadium-based electrode materials.
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