Journal
CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS
Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 11-22Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12281-011-0076-4
Keywords
Fungal infection; Genetics; Susceptibility; Immune dysfunction; Primary immunodeficiency; Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis; Chronic granulomatous; disease; Hyper-IgE syndrome; MonoMAC; Leukocyte adhesion deficiency; Severe combined immunodeficiency; Hyper-IgM syndrome; APECED; STAT1; STAT3; CARD9; DOCK8; Dectin-1; Toll-like receptors; IL-17; IL-12/IFN-gamma axis
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Most fungal infections in humans occur in the setting of iatrogenic immunosuppression or HIV infection. In the absence of these factors, fungi cause mild, self-limited infections that typically involve mucocutaneous surfaces. Hence, when persistent or recurrent mucocutaneous infections (chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis [CMC]) or invasive fungal infections (IFIs) develop in a normal host, they are indicative of genetic defects causing innate or adaptive immune dysfunction. In this review, recent developments concerning genetic and immunologic factors that affect the risk for IFIs and CMC are critically discussed.
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