Journal
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
Volume 32, Issue 2, Pages 105-121Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.12.002
Keywords
Tobacco; Marijuana; Polysubstance use; Adolescence; Young adulthood
Categories
Funding
- NIDA NIH HHS [K23 DA018691-05, P50 DA009253-17, K23 DA018691, T32 DA007250-16A2S1, P50 DA009253, P50 DA09253, T32 DA007250] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH083684-01A1, R01 MH083684] Funding Source: Medline
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Tobacco (TOB) and marijuana (MJ) are the most widely used drugs among adolescents and young adults. The literature on their co-use, however, has not been systematically reviewed. We identified 163 English language articles published from 1999 to 2009 examining TOB and MJ co-use, correlates or consequences of co-use, or interventions for prevention or cessation of co-use with participants aging 13-25 years. Most studies (n = 114, 70%) examined TOB and MJ co-use, and 85% of relationships studied indicated a significant association. Fifty-nine studies (36%) examined correlates or consequences of co-use. Factors consistently associated with increased likelihood of co-use, defined as significant associations in at least four studies, were African-American ethnicity, mental and physical health characteristics (e.g., high-intensity pleasure temperament), and school characteristics (e.g., good grades). The only consistent consequence of co-use was exacerbation of mental health symptoms. Few studies examined prevention (n = 3) or cessation (n = 2) interventions for TOB and MJ co-use, and the findings were stronger for prevention efforts. A sufficient literature base has documented that TOB and MJ use are strongly related in young people, yet few consistent correlates and consequences of co-use have been identified to inform intervention targets. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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