Identifying the long-term needs of stroke survivors using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

Objectives: To investigate how contextual factors, as described by the World Health Organisation's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), impact on stroke survivors' functioning and how needs are perceived in the long term after stroke. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 participants between 1 and 11 years after stroke. Data were analysed thematically using the ICF conceptual framework. Results: Long-term needs related to activities of daily living, social participation, mobility aids, home adaptations, housing, financial support, rehabilitation, information and transport. Participants identified a range of ICF environmental and personal factors including 'support and relationships,' 'products and technology,' 'services, systems and policies,' 'attitudes,' life experiences, social position and personal attitudes. Interactions between these contextual factors shaped functioning and how long-term needs were perceived. Social support from family and friends was a key facilitator of functioning for most participants, buffering the impact of disabilities and mediating perceived needs. Needs were not always stroke specific as many participants experienced other health problems. Discussion: The ICF framework was useful to investigate how contextual factors shaped functioning and mediated perceived long-term needs. Development of services to meet long-term needs among stroke survivors should consider the range of environmental and personal factors affecting how needs are perceived.