Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 511-524Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2017.2746097
Keywords
Daily driving patterns; fully distributed control; frequency regulation; optimal charging model; plug-in electric vehicles
Categories
Funding
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University [1-ZE68]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFB0900100]
- Support Program for the Excellent Talents in Beijing City [2016000020124G079]
- Beijing Natural Science Foundation [3174057]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2016MS14]
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Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) could provide valuable ancillary service for power systems with intermittent renewables. This paper proposes a charging model of a large amount of PEVs to mitigate the high-level wind power fluctuations in a distribution network so as to regulate system frequency. With the prerequisite that all PEV daily driving patterns are completely satisfied, the PEV charging power is economically allocated to counterbalance the wind generation intermittency. Afterward, a center-free control scheme based on the consensus algorithm is designed for PEVs to share the fluctuating wind generation in a fully distributed manner. The scheme is robust and flexible to practical PEV charging behaviors including arrival and departure time, initial and desired SOC, as well as the frequently changed departure time. Comprehensive simulations on a distribution system with coal and diesel generators, several wind farms and 2000 PEVs demonstrate that the proposed PEV charging scheme could effectively regulate the system frequency in the real time while the PEV users' charging requirements could be flexibly satisfied.
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