Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 137-148Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2018.2828337
Keywords
Bi-level optimization; demand response; direct load control; HVAC; shared energy storage
Categories
Funding
- Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [116E115, 117E527]
- FEDER funds through COMPETE 2020
- Portuguese funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [SAICT-PAC/0004/2015 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016434, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006961, UID/EEA/50014/2013, UID/CEC/50021/2013, UID/EMS/00151/2013, SFRH/BPD/103744/2014, 02/SAICT/2017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029803]
- EU [309048]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BPD/103744/2014] Funding Source: FCT
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In this study, a direct load control strategy for procuring flexibility from residential heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) units and the optimal management of shared energy storage systems connected at different buses of a distribution system is proposed, as a new contribution with respect to earlier studies, aiming to minimize the energy demand during DR event periods. Moreover, an additional objective related to the minimization of the end-users' discomfort induced by the interruption of the HVAC units is considered, leading to the formulation of a bi-level optimization problem based on a second-order conic programming representation of the AC power flow equations. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by performing simulations on a test system and comparisons with other approaches.
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