Bayesian Optimization for Broadband High-Efficiency Power Amplifier Designs

This paper proposes a novel, optimization-oriented strategy for the design of broadband, high-efficiency power amplifiers (PAs) using Bayesian optimization (BO). The optimization algorithm optimizes the drain waveforms by maximizing the fundamental output power while minimizing the harmonic and dissipated components. The optimization process is automated using simulation software. Circuit-based BO and electromagnetic-based (EM-based) BO are applied to design 10 and 30 W PAs. The 10 W PA designed using circuit-based BO achieves a drain efficiency higher than 60% with output power greater than 39.8 dBm from 1.5 to 2.5 GHz, while the 30 W PA designed using EM-based BO offers a drain efficiency higher than 57% with output power greater than 43.8 dBm across the band. Upon comparison of results, it is revealed that the proposed strategy outperforms a commercial electronic design automation (EDA) software's built-in optimizer, thus demonstrating that the EM-based BO is well-suited to the challenge of high power designs.