Journal
IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 600-603Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2018.2790701
Keywords
Cadmium telluride; charge carrier lifetime; grain boundaries; grain size; photovoltaic cells; semiconductor devices; thin film devices
Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]
- [XEU-2-22078-01 UIC]
- [3323]
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Grain structure influences both transport and recombination in CdTe solar cells. Larger grains generally are obtained with higher deposition temperatures, but commercially it is important to avoid softening soda-lime glass. Furthermore, depositing at lower temperatures can enable different substrates and reduced cost in the future. We examine how initial deposition temperatures and morphology influence grain size and lifetime after CdCl2 recrystallization. Techniques are developed to estimate grain distribution quickly with low-cost optical microscopy, which compares well with electron backscatter diffraction data providing corroborative assessments of exposed CdTe grain structures. Average grain size increases as a function of CdCl2 temperature. For lower temperature close-spaced sublimation CdTe depositions, there can be more stress and grain segregation during recrystallization. However, the resulting lifetimes and grain sizes are similar to hightemperature CdTe depositions. The grain structures and lifetimes are largely independent of the presence and/or interdiffusion of Se at the interface, before and after the CdCl2 treatment.
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