Journal
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 264-271Publisher
CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION
DOI: 10.3201/eid1802.111293
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Funding
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation [4-1998-274, 4-1999-731, 4-2001-435]
- European Union [BMH4-CT98-3314]
- Academy of Finland [68292, 1122539]
- Novo Nordisk Foundation
- Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes)
- Special Research Funds for University Hospitals in Finland
- Finnish Office for Health Technology Assessment
- Diabetes Research Foundation in Finland
- Sigrid Juselius Foundation
- Emil Aaltonen Foundation
- Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation
- Foundation for Pediatric Research
- Paivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation
- Helsinki University Central Hospital Research & Education and Research Development
- University of Helsinki
- Medical Society of Finland
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Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) DNA is frequently detected in the upper airways of young children with respiratory symptoms. Because of its persistence and frequent codetection with other viruses, however, its etiologic role has remained controversial. During 2009-2011, using HBoV1 IgM, IgG, and IgG-avidity enzyme immunoassays and quantitative PCR, we examined 1,952 serum samples collected consecutively at 3- to 6-month intervals from 109 constitutionally healthy children from infancy to early adolescence. Primary HBoV1 infection, as indicated by seroconversion, appeared in 102 (94%) of 109 children at a mean age of 2.3 years; the remaining 7 children were IgG antibody positive from birth. Subsequent secondary infections or IgG antibody increases were evident in 38 children and IgG reversions in 10. Comparison of the seroconversion interval with the next sampling interval for clinical events indicated that HBoV1 primary infection, but not secondary immune response, was significantly associated with acute otitis media and respiratory illness.
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