Journal
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
Volume 6, Issue 8, Pages 10815-10822Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02123
Keywords
Desalination; Electrochemical process; Capacitive deionization; Nafion; Activated carbon
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Funding
- Technology Innovation Program (Development of Low Energy Desalination Water Treatment Engineering Package System for Industrial Recycle Water Production) - Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea) [10082572]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2016R1D1A1A02937469]
- Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea [E617-00211-0608-0]
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Capacitive deionization (CDI) is considered an alternative desalination technology due to its easy operation, high energy efficiency, and environmentally friendly process. However, a separate regeneration step is required in typical CDI technologies that releases the absorbed ions on the electrodes which results in an inefficient and cost-intensive process. This study proposed a novel CDI system referred to as rocking-chair capacitive deionization (RCDI) that has a continuous brackish water desalination process which consists of a pair of Nafion-coated activated carbon electrodes and an anion-exchange membrane. The coated Nafion contributed to the cation selectivity of the carbon electrode, and it enabled a continuous desalination process during constant-current operation through a rocking-chair ion movement. From the desalination tests that included the analysis of the CDI Ragone plot, the RCDI has a high salt adsorption capacity (maximum of 44.5 mg g(-1)) with continuous operation. Furthermore, the RCDI desalted brackish water under rapid operation conditions (up to +/-30.0 A m(-2)) which is a constant-current operation condition that is several times higher than that of previously reported desalination technologies using battery materials. Consequently, this study proposes a new strategy for a continuous desalination CDI system that provides a high-performance and energy-efficient desalination process for brackish water.
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