Journal
PROTEIN & CELL
Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages 432-445Publisher
HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0547-2
Keywords
gut microbiome; drug metabolism; personalized medicine
Categories
Funding
- University Medical Center Groningen
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VIDI Grant [016.178.056]
- European Research Council (ERC) [715772]
- Rosalind Franklin Fellowship (University of Groningen)
- NWO VIDI [016.136.308]
- ZonMw [80-83600-98-42014]
- Astellas
- Chiesi
- Tekke Huizinga Fund
- ERC [2012-322698]
- NWO Spinoza Prize [92-266]
- Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Foundation (Norway)
- NWO Gravitation Grant Netherlands for the Organ-on-Chip Initiative [024.003.001]
- University of Groningen Investment Agenda Grant for Personalized Health
- NWO-VIDI [864.13.013]
- CardioVasculair Onderzoek Nederland [CVON 2012-03]
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Inter-individual heterogeneity in drug response is a serious problem that affects the patient's wellbeing and poses enormous clinical and financial burdens on a societal level. Pharmacogenomics has been at the forefront of research into the impact of individual genetic background on drug response variability or drug toxicity, and recently the gut microbiome, which has also been called the second genome, has been recognized as an important player in this respect. Moreover, the microbiome is a very attractive target for improving drug efficacy and safety due to the opportunities to manipulate its composition. Pharmacomicrobiomics is an emerging field that investigates the interplay of microbiome variation and drugs response and disposition (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion). In this review, we provide a historical overview and examine current state-of-the-art knowledge on the complex interactions between gut microbiome, host and drugs. We argue that combining pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics will provide an important foundation for making major advances in personalized medicine.
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