Journal
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00109
Keywords
Parkinson disease; neurodegeneration; gene mutation; neuronal death; mechanism
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31600837, 81502312, 31601167]
- Henan Science and Technology Project [172102310622]
- Key Scientific Research Projects of University in Henan Province [16A180017, 16A180018]
- Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of XYNU
- Ph.D. Early Development Program
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It has been 200 years since Parkinson disease (PD) was described by Dr. Parkinson in 1817. The disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although the pathogenesis of PD is still unknown, the research findings from scientists are conducive to understand the pathological mechanisms. It is well accepted that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset of PD. In this review, we summarize the mutations of main seven genes (alpha-synuclein, LRRK2, PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1, VPS35 and GBA1) linked to PD, discuss the potential mechanisms for the loss of dopaminergic neurons (dopamine metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impaired autophagy, and deregulation of immunity) in PD, and expect the development direction for treatment of PD.
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