Journal
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
Volume 8, Issue 15, Pages 7624-7632Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4281
Keywords
Amphipoda; Arctic; distribution shift; Gammarus; global change; intertidal; Svalbard
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Funding
- National Centre for Research and Development under the Norwegian Financial Mechanism [Pol-Nor/DZP/POL-NOR/1876/2013]
- Svalbard Environmental Fund Sysselmannen [4705 SSF Project 2008/00193-2 a.522-08]
- Polish National Science Centre [2012/04/A/NZ8/00661]
- IOPAN statutory funds [Theme III. 1]
- Leading National Research Centre (KNOW)
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The recent (2008-2016) occurrence of a boreal intertidal amphipod Gammarus oceanicus along the Spitsbergen coast is compared with corresponding data from 1980 to 1994. We aimed to compare the pace of environmental changes in the area (ice retreat, temperature increase) with distribution change of G.oceanicus. Material for the study was collected from intertidal, at low water level from over 100 locations on Spitsbergen, the main island of Svalbard archipelago (expanding from 76 to 80 degrees N). The west coast of the island has been exposed to a steady increase in sea surface and air temperature (2 degrees C in 20years), as well as a significant decrease in fast ice duration (from over 5months to less than 1 per year). A total length of more than 3,600km of the island's coastline has been recently impacted by warming. Of the two sibling Gammarus species that dwell in the Spitsbergen littoral, G.setosus, the local cold water species remains generally where it was observed about 20-30years ago. By contrast, boreal G.oceanicus has expanded its distribution range by over 1,300km along the west and north coasts of Spitsbergen and gained dominating position on the number of sites, where it was previously just an occasional species.
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