Journal
CURRENT STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 136-143Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/1574888X12666171027105532
Keywords
Epigenetic regulation; AlkB family; demethylases; embryogenesis; phenotypes; gene expression
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation-Young Scientists Fund of China [81600842]
- Youth Scientific Research Foundation of Sichuan University [2016SCU11055]
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Background: The study of epigenetic regulation has made substantial progress in recent years. The AlkB family in E. coli was identified as a type of DNA repair enzyme that removes alkyl adducts from nucleobases. Recently, nine mammalian homologs, ALKBH1-9, have been successfully identified and defined as diverse demethylases. ALKBH1, ALKBH5, ALKBH8 and ALKBH9 act as RNA demethylases, while ALKBH2-3 and ALKBH7 correct methyl and etheno adducts in DNA. Moreover, ALKBH4 focuses primarily on actin. Disorders of AlkB family level in mammals induce many types of diseases. Objective: In this review, we will elaborate on the structure and biological function of the members of the AlkB family. We will also focus on the latest progress of the research on the mammalian AlkB family, particularly on new breakthroughs, and present the relevant disorders or diseases induced by an abnormal level of the AlkB family. Conclusion: The AlkB family plays a crucial role in embryogenesis and differentiation. The aberrant level of the AlkB family leads to many types of diseases. The members of the AlkB family may serve as potential cancer markers and possible therapeutic targets in the future.
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