Journal
COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE
Volume 8, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031708
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Funding
- National Research Foundation Grant [NRF-2014R1A2A1A10053662]
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Future Systems Healthcare Project - Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning of Korea
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Hepatitis Avirus (HAV) is transmitted by the fecal-oral route and is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis. The clinical manifestations of HAV infection range from asymptomatic infection to acute liver failure (ALF), but do not include progression to chronic hepatitis. Risk factors for severe acute hepatitis A are older age (> 40 years) and preexisting liver disease. Some patients may show atypical clinical features such as relapsing hepatitis, prolonged cholestasis, or extrahepatic manifestations. Almost all hepatitis A patients spontaneously recover with supportive care. However, in the case of ALF (< 1%), intensive care and urgent decision on liver transplantation are required. Liver injury during hepatitis A is not directly caused by HAV but is known to be caused by immune-mediated mechanisms. In this review, the natural history and clinical manifestations of hepatitis A are described. In addition, mechanisms of immunopathogenesis in hepatitis A are discussed.
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