Journal
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 247-262Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy007
Keywords
cardiolipin; cancer; cardiac; diet; fatty acids; inner mitochondrial membrane; mitochondria; obesity; type 2 diabetes
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Funding
- NIH [R01HL123647, R01AT008375, P30DK056350]
- National Center for Complementary & Integrative Health [R01AT008375] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL123647] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles within a cell. Furthermore, mitochondria have a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and proper calcium concentrations, building critical components of hormones and other signaling molecules, and controlling apoptosis. Structurally, mitochondria are unique because they have 2 membranes that allow for compartmentalization. The composition and molecular organization of these membranes are crucial to the maintenance and function of mitochondria. In this review, we first present a general overview of mitochondrial membrane biochemistry and biophysics followed by the role of different dietary saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in modulating mitochondrial membrane structure-function. We focus extensively on long-chain n-3 (omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids and their underlying mechanisms of action. Finally, we discuss implications of understanding molecular mechanisms by which dietary n-3 fatty acids target mitochondrial structure-function in metabolic diseases such as obesity, cardiac-ischemia reperfusion injury, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and select cancers.
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