Journal
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
Volume 7, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800227
Keywords
chronic wounds; cytokine; drug delivery; hydrogels; inflammatory response
Funding
- Medical Research Grant from Rhode Island Foundation [20144262]
- 3M Company Non-Tenure Faculty Award [32976949]
- Rhode Island IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (RI-INBRE, NIH/NIGMS) [2P20GM103430]
- NSF RII Track-2 FEC grant [NSF-1539068]
- National Science Foundation [NSF-CBET 1063433]
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1603433] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office Of The Director
- Office of Integrative Activities [1539068] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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While inflammation can be problematic, it is nonetheless necessary for proper tissue regeneration. However, it remains unclear how the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response impacts regenerative outcome. This is partially due to the difficulty in temporally regulating macrophage phenotype at wound sites. Here, a magnetically responsive biomaterial system potentially capable of temporally regulating macrophage phenotypes through sequential, on-demand cytokine deliveries is presented. This material system is designed to (i) rapidly recruit proinflammatory macrophages (M1) through initial cytokine deliveries and (ii) subsequently transition macrophages toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes (M2s) through delayed, magnetically triggered cytokine release. Here, the ability of this system to initially deliver proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interferon gamma), recruit, and harbor an expanding macrophage population, and delay deliveries of anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IL-10) until the application of magnetic fields from simple hand-held magnets is demonstrated. Critically, the timing and rate of these delayed deliveries can be remotely/magnetically controlled. This biomaterial system can provide a powerful tool in (i) understanding the relationship between inflammation and regenerative outcome, (ii) developing optimized cytokine delivery strategies, and (iii) clinically implementing those optimized delivery strategies with the on-demand versatility needed to alter the course of therapies in real time.
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