Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
Volume 62, Issue 12, Pages 7557-7568Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2449776
Keywords
Battery model; Butler-Volmer (BV) equation; lithium titanate batteries; rate characteristics
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51277010]
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1202133, 1507096] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The lithium titanate battery, which uses Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) as its anode instead of graphite, is a promising candidate for fast charging and power assist vehicular applications due to its attractive battery performance in rate characteristics and chemical stability. Unfortunately, commonly used battery models, including a large number of enhanced electrical models, become problematic when describing current-voltage characteristics of lithium titanate batteries. In this paper, a novel Butler-Volmer equationbased electric model is employed to outline unique phenomena induced by changing rates for high-power lithium titanate batteries. The robustness of the proposed model for three types of lithium titanate batteries under varying loading conditions, including galvanostatic test and Federal Urban Dynamic Schedule test, is evaluated and compared against experimental data. The experimental results of three types of lithium titanate batteries with common anode materials but differentiated cathode materials show good agreement with the model estimation results with maximum voltage errors below 2%.
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