Journal
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL VACCINE RESEARCH
Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 35-49Publisher
KOREAN VACCINE SOC
DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2012.1.1.35
Keywords
Influenza live attenuated vaccine; Cold-adaptation; Attenuation strategy; Cross protection
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology of Korean government [2012-0000887]
- Korea Healthcare Technology R&D project by Korean government [A085105]
- Korea Health Promotion Institute [A085105] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Despite recent innovative advances in molecular virology and the developments of vaccines, influenza virus remains a serious burden for human health. Vaccination has been considered a primary countermeasure for prevention of influenza infection. Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are particularly attracting attention as an effective strategy due to several advantages over inactivated vaccines. Cold-adaptation, as a classical means for attenuating viral virulence, has been successfully used for generating safe and effective donor strains of LAIVs against seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Recently, the advent of reverse genetics technique expedited a variety of rational strategies to broaden the pool of LAIVs. Considering the breadth of antigenic diversity of influenza virus, the pool of LAIVs is likely to equip us with better options for controlling influenza pandemics. With a brief reflection on classical attenuating strategies used at the initial stage of development of LAIVs, especially on the principles underlying the development of cold-adapted LAIVs, we further discuss and outline other attenuation strategies especially with respect to the rationales for attenuation, and their practicality for mass production. Finally, we propose important considerations for a rational vaccine design, which will provide us with practical guidelines for improving the safety and effectiveness of LAIVs.
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