Journal
MATERIALS
Volume 11, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma11071160
Keywords
sugar beet pulp; cellulose nanofibers; steam explosion; environmentally-friendly
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51373058]
- Special Support Program of Guangdong Province [2015TX01X151]
- Science and Technology Planning Project of Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, P.R. China [2015B090904004]
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering [2018TS05]
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Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with an average diameter of 22 nm were prepared from sugar beet pulp (SBP) via an environmentally-friendly method. Steam-explosion pretreated SBP was treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching, high-speed blending, and ultrasonic treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that hemicellulose was partially hydrolyzed in the steam-cooking stage, pectin was removed in the explosion stage, and lignin was removed by H2O2 bleaching. The removal of non-cellulosic components was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Morphological analysis showed that steam-explosion pretreatment largely extracted the binder materials of hemicellulose and pectin. This exposed the microfibrillated cellulosic fibers, which promoted subsequent nanofibrillation. X-ray diffraction showed that the CNFs had a crystallinity index of 62.3%. The CNFs had good thermal stability, and thus have potential for use as fillers in polymer matrices. The only chemical reagent used in this green method was H2O2. Combining H2O2 bleaching with steam explosion, high-speed blending, and ultrasonic treatment reduced the overall energy consumption and increased the efficiency of the CNFs extraction. The method, therefore, has potential application in industrial processes.
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