Adjuvant Transarterial Chemoembolization after Curative Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Non-Randomized Comparative Study

Background/Aims: Prevention of recurrence is the most important strategy to improve long-term survival after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This comparative study aimed to evaluate the outcome of adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) after hepatectomy. Methodology: From February 1996 and September 2001, 721 consecutive patients (adjuvant TACE treatment vs. control group; 145 vs. 576) with R0 resection for HCC were analyzed. The prospective data was analyzed retrospectively. Results: After a median follow-up of 75 months, 89 patients (61.4%) in the adjuvant TACE group and 355 patients (61.6%) in the control group had recurrent disease. There was no significant difference in the tumor recurrence rate between the 2 groups. There was significant difference in the tumor recurrence time between the 2 groups. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 96.5%, 70.0% and 55.9%, respectively, for the adjuvant TACE group and 80.8%, 49.7% and 38.8%, respectively, for the control group. The 1-, 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 79.9%, 54.9% and 48.4%, respectively, for the adjuvant TACE group and 60.2%, 39.8% and 31.5%, respectively, for the control group. The differences in the disease-free survival rates and the overall survival rates between the 2 groups were significant. In subgroup analysis, there was significant survival benefit in the adjuvant TACE group in the subgroup of patients with risk factors of recurrence - large tumor size, presence of satellite tumor nodules and narrow resection margin. Conclusions: Adjuvant TACE improved surgical outcome in those patients with risk factors of HCC recurrence.