Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS
Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 119-127Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000444
Keywords
combinatorial intervention; cytokines; HIV-1 therapeutic vaccine; immune checkpoint blockers; Treg modulation
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Funding
- Investissements d'Avenir programme [ANR-10-LABX-77]
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Purpose of review The purpose is to recall some of the key immunological elements that are at the crossroad and need to be combined for developing a potent therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine. Recent findings Therapeutic vaccines and cytokines have been commonly used to enhance and/or recall preexisting HIV-1 specific cell-mediated immune responses aiming to suppress virus replication. While the vaccine is important to stimulate HIV-1 specific T-cell responses, the cytokine may support the expansion of the stimulated virus-specific T cells. Moreover, the current success of immune checkpoint blockers in cancer therapy render them very attractive to use in HIV-1 infected individuals, with the objective to preserve the function of HIV-specific T cells from exhaustion and target directly HIV-1 cell reservoir. More recently, the development of passive immunotherapy using broad neutralizing HIV antibodies (bNAbs) and their potential capacity to elicit innate or adaptive HIV-cellular responses, beyond their neutralizing activity, offers a new opportunity to improve the efficiency of therapeutic vaccine. These major advances provide the scientific basis for developing potent combinatorial interventions in HIV-1 infected patients. Summary Major advances in our immunological understanding resulting from basic science and clinical trials studies have paved the way and established a solid platform to jump over the stumbling blocks that prevent the field from developing a therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine. It is time for immuno-modulation and combinatorial strategies towards HIV-1 eradication.
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