Alternative Perovskites for Photovoltaics

The discovery of unique optoelectronic properties of 3D ABX(3) perovskites has produced a great impact on the field of photovoltaics. In the initial years after the breakthrough, interest has focused on a limited number of 3D ABX(3) perovskite materials, including the archetypal CH3NH3PbI3 and its counterparts. Undoubtedly, the main limitation of perovskite devices is their low stability due the fast degradation of the perovskite layer; however, the high toxicity of Pb also poses a concern. Herein, the recent increasing number of articles reporting the theoretical modeling, synthesis, optoelectronic characterization, and implementation of alternative perovskite materials in solar devices is summarized. The extensive variety of perovskite derivatives is classified according to the material dimensionality and the crystal structure. The particular strengths and weaknesses for each novel material are discussed, and the device performance and potential stability enhancements are also highlighted.