Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04057-3
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Funding
- SEALINKS project under a European Research Council (ERC) [206148]
- NMK
- British Institute in Eastern Africa
- NERC
- Boise Fund (University of Oxford)
- Research Council of Norway, through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme
- SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE) [262618]
- ERC grant, TRACSYMBOLS [249587]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-10-LABX-52]
- LaScArBx Cluster of Excellence
- Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, Government of Catalonia [2014 BP-A 00122]
- British Academy
- McDonald Institute for Archeological Research (University of Cambridge)
- Max Planck Society
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The Middle to Later Stone Age transition in Africa has been debated as a significant shift in human technological, cultural, and cognitive evolution. However, the majority of research on this transition is currently focused on southern Africa due to a lack of long-term, stratified sites across much of the African continent. Here, we report a 78,000-year-long archeological record from Panga ya Saidi, a cave in the humid coastal forest of Kenya. Following a shift in toolkits similar to 67,000 years ago, novel symbolic and technological behaviors assemble in a non-unilinear manner. Against a backdrop of a persistent tropical forest- grassland ecotone, localized innovations better characterize the Late Pleistocene of this part of East Africa than alternative emphases on dramatic revolutions or migrations.
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