Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03292-y
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Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB848900]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0401004]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1432249, 11574279, 11404095, 21633006, 11704362]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS
- Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, Electronic Engineering Institute
- X-ray diffraction beamline in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility [BL14B1]
- XMCD beamline in National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) of Hefei [BL12B]
- photoelectron spectroscopy beamline in National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) of Hefei [BL10B]
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Hydrogenation is an effective way to tune the property of metal oxides. It can conventionally be performed by doping hydrogen into solid materials with noble-metal catalysis, high-temperature/pressure annealing treatment, or high-energy proton implantation in vacuum condition. Acid solution naturally provides a rich proton source, but it should cause corrosion rather than hydrogenation to metal oxides. Here we report a facile approach to hydrogenate monoclinic vanadium dioxide (VO2) in acid solution at ambient condition by placing a small piece of low workfunction metal (Al, Cu, Ag, Zn, or Fe) on VO2 surface. It is found that the attachment of a tiny metal particle (similar to 1.0 mm) can lead to the complete hydrogenation of an entire wafer-size VO2 (>2 inch). Moreover, with the right choice of the metal a two-step insulator-metal-insulator phase modulation can even be achieved. An electron-proton co-doping mechanism has been proposed and verified by the first-principles calculations.
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