Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03964-9
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Funding
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation EPiQS Initiative [GBMF4534]
- Pioneer Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DOE DE-SC0002136]
- US DOE Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
- DOE/BES [DE-SC0012375]
- UK EPSRC
- DOE Office of Science User Facility [DE AC02 05CH11231]
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-14-1-0613]
- Ningbo 3315 Innovation Team
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Polar metals, commonly defined by the coexistence of polar crystal structure and metallicity, are thought to be scarce because the long-range electrostatic fields favoring the polar structure are expected to be fully screened by the conduction electrons of a metal. Moreover, reducing from three to two dimensions, it remains an open question whether a polar metal can exist. Here we report on the realization of a room temperature two-dimensional polar metal of the B-site type in tri-color (tri-layer) superlattices BaTiO3/SrTiO3/LaTiO3. A combination of atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy-loss spectroscopy, optical second harmonic generation, electrical transport, and first-principles calculations have revealed the microscopic mechanisms of periodic electric polarization, charge distribution, and orbital symmetry. Our results provide a route to creating all-oxide artificial non-centrosymmetric quasi-two-dimensional metals with exotic quantum states including coexisting ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, and superconducting phases.
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