Influence of ascorbic acid and 24-epibrassinolide on physiological characteristics of pot marigold under water-stress condition

Water deficit is considered as a major limiting environmental factor for plant growth and yield. To ameliorate the adverse effects of water restriction, an experiment was conducted in the research field of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in two successive years (2014 and 2015). Foliar spraying of different concentration of epibrassinolide (EBL) (0, 10(-8), and 10(-7)M) and ascorbic acid (AsA) (0 and 10mM) was carried out and water-stress trials included 50 and 100mm evaporation from class A pan. Water stress significantly enhanced essential oil content, but reduced capitula yield and relative water content (RWC) of leaves. Water-stress damage ameliorated by foliar application of 10mM AsA with 10(-7)M EBL and the essential oil yield and antioxidant enzymes activity improved significantly. Enhancing of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage indicates that water-deficit stress caused oxidative damage to the membrane by enhancing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level. Combined-application of regulators significantly declined the amounts of H2O2, MDA, and electrolyte leakage under water stress. Antioxidant enzymes activity and also proline and protein content were enhanced by drought stress as well as regulators. Also, the application of EBL and AsA induced tolerance to water deficit and reduced the reactive oxygen species by increasing antioxidant enzymes activity and osmotic adjustment.