In situ measurements of aerosol optical properties and number size distributions in a coastal region of Norway during the summer of 2008

In situ measurements of aerosol optical properties and particle size distributions were made in the summer of 2008 at the ALOMAR station facility (69 degrees 16 ' N, 16 degrees 00 ' E), located in a rural site in the north of the island of Andoya (VesterAyenlen archipelago), approximately 300 km north of the Arctic Circle. The extended three-month campaign was part of the POLARCAT Project (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport) of the International Polar Year (IPY-2007-2008). Our goal was to characterize the aerosols of this sub-Arctic area, which are frequently transported to the Arctic region. Data from 13 June to 26 August 2008 were available and the statistical data for all instruments were calculated based on the hourly averages. The overall data coverage was approximately 72%. The hourly mean values of the light-scattering coefficient, Sigma(s), and the light-absorption coefficient, Sigma(a), at 550 nm were 5.41 Mm(-1) (StD = 3.55 Mm(-1)) and 0.40 Mm(-1) (StD = 0.27 Mm(-1)), respectively. The scattering/absorption Angstrom exponents, alpha(s,a), were used in a detailed analysis of the variations of the spectral shape of Sigma(s,a). While alpha(s) indicates the presence of two particle sizes corresponding to two types of aerosols, alpha(a) indicates only one type of absorbing aerosol particle. alpha(a) values greater than 1 were not observed. The single-scattering albedo, omega(0), ranged from 0.62 to 0.99 (mean = 0.91, StD = 0.05), and the relationships between this parameter and the absorption/scattering coefficients and the Angstrom exponents are presented. Any absorption value may lead to the lowest values of omega(0), whereas only the lowest scattering values were observed in the lowest range of omega(0). For a given absorption value, lower omega(0) were observed for smaller alpha(s). The submicrometer, micrometer and total concentrations of the particles presented hourly mean values of 1277 cm(-3) (StD = 1563 cm(-3)), 1 cm(-3) (StD = 1 cm(-3)) and 2463 cm(-3) (StD = 4251 cm(-3)), respectively, and the modal correlations were also investigated. The optical and microphysical parameters, as well as their relationship with each other, are reported. Sigma(s) correlated strongly with the number concentration of accumulation mode particles and more strongly with the micrometer fraction of particles, but weak correlations were observed for the Aitken and nucleation modes. The origins and pathways of the air masses were examined, and based on sector classification, a relationship between the air mass origin, the optical parameters and the size distributions was established. The low values of the optical and microphysical parameters indicate that the predominant regional aerosol is mostly clean and the shape of the size distribution is characterized by bimodal median size distributions. However, the relationships between the air mass origins and the parameters studied allow us to describe two characteristic situations: the one of the northern and western air masses, which were predominantly composed of marine aerosols and presented the lowest optical and microphysical values observed, indicating predominantly non-absorbent and coarser particles; and the one of the eastern and southern air masses, in which continental aerosols were predominant and exhibited higher values for all parameters, indicating the presence of smaller absorbent particles. The north-northeastern air masses presented the strongest Aitken mode, indicating more recently formed particles, and the southeastern air masses presented the strongest accumulation mode (however, the southeastern air masses were the least common, accounting for only 3% of occurrences).