Journal
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0780-x
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Funding
- Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Sante (FRQS) [30633]
- Velux Stiftung [988]
- Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) [34204]
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Myelin-associated proteins such as Nogo-A are major inhibitors of neuronal plasticity that contribute to permanent neurological impairments in the injured CNS. In the present study, we investigated the influence of Nogo-A on visual recovery after retinal injuries in mice. Different doses of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) were injected in the vitreous of the left eye to induce retinal neuron death. The visual function was monitored using the optokinetic response (OKR) as a behavior test, and electroretinogram (ERG) and local field potential (LFP) recordings allowed to assess changes in retinal and cortical neuron activity, respectively. Longitudinal OKR follow-ups revealed reversible visual deficits after injection of NMDA <= 1 nmole in the left eye and concomitant functional improvement in the contralateral visual pathway of the right eye that was let intact. Irreversible OKR loss observed with NMDA >= 2 nmol was correlated with massive retinal cell death and important ERG response decline. Strikingly, the OKR mediated by injured and intact eye stimulation was markedly improved in Nogo-A KO mice compared with WT animals, suggesting that the inactivation of Nogo-A promotes visual recovery and plasticity. Moreover, OKR improvement was associated with shorter latency of the N2 wave of Nogo-A KO LFPs relative to WT animals. Strikingly, intravitreal injection of anti-Nogo-A antibody (11C7) in the injured eye exerted positive effects on cortical LFPs. This study presents the intrinsic ability of the visual system to recover from NMDA-induced retinal injury and its limitations. Nogo-A neutralization may promote visual recovery in retinal diseases such as glaucoma.
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