Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, VOL 9
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages 183-205Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-033117-054046
Keywords
biochemical network; dynamics; nonequilibrium; molecular mechanism; modeling; chemotaxis; gradient sensing
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Funding
- NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM078586, R01 GM081747] Funding Source: Medline
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Adaptation refers to the biological phenomenon where living systems change their internal states in response to changes in their environments in order to maintain certain key functions critical for their survival and fitness. Adaptation is one of the most ubiquitous and arguably one of the most fundamental properties of living systems. It occurs throughout all biological scales, from adaptation of populations of species over evolutionary time to adaptation of a single cell to different environmental stresses during its life span. In this article, we review some of the recent progressmade in understandingmolecular mechanisms of cellular-level adaptation. We take the minimalist (or the physicist) approach and study the simplest systems that exhibit generic adaptive behaviors, namely chemotaxis in bacterium cells (Escherichia coli) and eukaryotic cells (Dictyostelium). We focus on understanding the basic biochemical interaction networks that are responsible for adaptation dynamics. By combining theoretical modeling with quantitative experimentation, we demonstrate universal features in adaptation as well as important differences in different cellular systems. Future work in extending the modeling framework to study adaptation in more complex systems such as sensory neurons is also discussed.
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