Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
Volume 34, Issue 6, Pages 889-902Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TCAD.2014.2370531
Keywords
Helper data algorithm (HDA); key generation; physically unclonable function (PUF)
Categories
Funding
- European Commission through the ICT Programme [FP7-ICT-2011-317930 HINT]
- Research Council of KU Leuven: GOA TENSE [GOA/11/007]
- Flemish Government [FWO G.0550.12N]
- Hercules Foundation [AKUL/11/19]
- National Major Development Program for Fundamental Research of China (973 Plan) [2013CB338004]
- IWT-Flanders [SBO 121552]
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Security-critical products rely on the secrecy and integrity of their cryptographic keys. This is challenging for low-cost resource-constrained embedded devices, with an attacker having physical access to the integrated circuit (IC). Physically, unclonable functions are an emerging technology in this market. They extract bits from unavoidable IC manufacturing variations, remarkably analogous to unique human fingerprints. However, post-processing by helper data algorithms (HDAs) is indispensable to meet the stringent key requirements: reproducibility, high-entropy, and control. The novelty of this paper is threefold. We are the first to provide an in-depth and comprehensive literature overview on HDAs. Second, our analysis does expose new threats regarding helper data leakage and manipulation. Third, we identify several hiatuses/open problems in existing literature.
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