Journal
ANTIBODIES
Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages 149-171Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antib1020149
Keywords
immunocytokine; ADCC; cancer; immunotherapy
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [CA032685, CA87025, CA14520, CA166105, GM067386]
- Department of Defense [W81XWH08-1-0559]
- Midwest Athletes for Childhood Cancer Fund
- The Evan Dunbar Foundation
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR) [1TL1RR025013-01]
- Crawdaddy Foundation
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Immunocytokines (ICs) are a class of molecules created by linking tumor-reactive monoclonal antibodies to cytokines that are able to activate immune cells. Tumor selective localization is provided by the ability of the mAb component to bind to molecules found on the tumor cell surface or molecules found selectively in the tumor microenvronment. In this way the cytokine component of the immunocytokine is selectively localized to sites of tumor and can activate immune cells with appropriate receptors for the cytokine. Immunocytokines have been made and tested by us, and others, using a variety of tumor-reactive mAbs linked to distinct cytokines. To date, the majority of clinical progress has been made with ICs that have linked human interleukin-2 (IL2) to a select number of tumor reactive mAbs that had already been in prior clinical testing as non-modified mAbs. Here we briefly review the background for the creation of ICs, summarize current clinical progress, emphasize mechanisms of action for ICs that are distinct from those of their constituent components, and present some directions for future development and testing.
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