Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v10040211
Keywords
nucleoside analog; gemcitabine; antiviral drugs; innate immunity; interferon-stimulated gene; nucleos(t)ide synthesis
Categories
Funding
- ministry of Health Welfare [HI14C2124]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2016K1A1A8A01938649, NRF-2015M3A9C7030128, NRF-2016 R1C1B2009585]
- KRIBB Research Initiative Programs
- National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST), Republic of Korea [CRC-16-01-KRICT] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2016K1A1A8A01938649] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Nucleoside analogs have been frequently identified as antiviral agents. In recent years, gemcitabine, a cytidine analog in clinical use for the treatment of many solid tumors, was also shown to have antiviral activity against a broad range of viruses. Nucleoside analogs generally interfere with cellular nucleos(t)ide synthesis pathways, resulting in the depletion or imbalance of (d) NTP pools. Intriguingly, a few recent reports have shown that some nucleoside analogs, including gemcitabine, activated innate immunity, inducing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, through nucleos(t)ide synthesis inhibition. The precise crosstalk between these two independent processes remains to be determined. Nonetheless, we summarize the current knowledge of nucleos(t)ide synthesis inhibition-related innate immunity and propose it as a newly emerging antiviral mechanism of nucleoside analogs.
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