Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v10040202
Keywords
light microscopy; fluorescence microscopy; immunofluorescence microscopy; virus labeling; super-resolution; live imaging; image analysis; data analysis; high-throughput screening; modeling; simulation; computing; quantitative microscopy; fluorescent virions; microscopy; trafficking; membrane traffic; intracellular transport; machine learning; virus infection; DNA virus; RNA virus; enveloped virus; nonenveloped virus; cell biology; virus entry; cytoskeleton; infection; receptor; internalization; innate immunity; virion uncoating; endocytosis; gene expression; gene therapy; adenovirus; herpesvirus; herpes simplex virus; influenza virus; hepatitis B virus; baculovirus; human immunodeficiency virus HIV; parvovirus; adeno-associated virus AAV; simian virus 40
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Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) grant [310030B_160316, VirX_2014/264, R'Equip 316030_170799]
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Viruses threaten humans, livestock, and plants, and are difficult to combat. Imaging of viruses by light microscopy is key to uncover the nature of known and emerging viruses in the quest for finding new ways to treat viral disease and deepening the understanding of virus-host interactions. Here, we provide an overview of recent technology for imaging cells and viruses by light microscopy, in particular fluorescence microscopy in static and live-cell modes. The review lays out guidelines for how novel fluorescent chemical probes and proteins can be used in light microscopy to illuminate cells, and how they can be used to study virus infections. We discuss advantages and opportunities of confocal and multi-photon microscopy, selective plane illumination microscopy, and super-resolution microscopy. We emphasize the prevalent concepts in image processing and data analyses, and provide an outlook into label-free digital holographic microscopy for virus research.
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