Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS
Volume 62, Issue 2, Pages 385-394Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TCSI.2014.2362971
Keywords
Charge pump; dynamic power management; switched-capacitor converter
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Energy harvesting is an emerging technology for powering wireless sensor nodes, enabling battery-free operation of these devices. In an energy harvesting sensor, a power management circuit is required to regulate the variable harvested voltage to provide a constant supply rail for the sensor circuits. The power management circuit needs to be compact, efficient, and robust to the variations of the input voltage and load current. A closed-form power expression and custom control algorithm for regulation of a switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with optimal conversion efficiency are proposed in this paper. The proposed regulation algorithm automatically adjusts both the voltage gain and switching frequency of a switched-capacitor DC-DC converter based on its input voltage and load current, increasing the power efficiency across a wide input voltage range. The design and simulation of a fully integrated circuit based on the proposed power managing approach is presented. This power management circuit has been simulated in a 0.25 mu m standard CMOS process and simulation results confirm that with an input voltage ranging from 0.5 V to 2.5 V, the converter can generate a regulated 1.2 V output rail and deliver a maximum load current of 100 mu A. The power conversion efficiency is higher than 74% across a wide range of the input voltage with a maximum efficiency of 83%.
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