Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 142, Issue -, Pages 208-216Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.002
Keywords
Peroxymonosulfate; Activation; Pyrite; Sulfur conversion; Sulfate radicals
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFA0207001, 2016YFD0800204]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41671478]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China [BK20170050]
- 135 Program of Institute of Soil Science [ISSASIP1660]
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS [2014270]
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Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) or persulfate activation by sulfur-containing minerals has been applied extensively for the degradation of contaminants; however, the role of sulfur conversion in this process has not been fully explored. In this study, pyrite (FeS2)-based PMS activation process was developed for diethyl phthalate (DEP) degradation, and its underlying mechanisms were elucidated. PMS was found to be efficiently activated by FeS2 for DEP degradation and mineralization, achieving 58.9% total organic carbon removal using 0.5 g/L FeS2 and 2.0 mM PMS. Sulfides were the dominant electron donor for PMS activation, and mediated Fe(II) regeneration to activate PMS on the surface of FeS2 particles. Meanwhile, different sulfur conversion intermediates, such as S-5(2-), s(8)(0), S2O32-, and SO32-, were formed from the oxidation of sulfides by Fe(III) and PMS, and determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in-situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. SO32- was the dominant sulfur species responsible for sulfate radicals (SO4 center dot-) generation by activating PMS directly or activating Fe(III) to initiate a radical chain reaction, which was supported by the electron paramagnetic resonance results. This study highlights the important role of sulfur conversion in PMS activation by pyrite and provides new insights into the mechanism of oxidant activation by sulfur-containing minerals. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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