Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 138, Issue -, Pages 56-66Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.045
Keywords
Peroxymonosulfate; Steroid estrogens; In situ chemical oxidation; Bromide ion; Chloride ion
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program [2016YFC0401107]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51578203]
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (HIT) [2016DX13]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Recently, in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for environmental decontamination has received increasing interest. In this study, oxidation kinetics and products of four steroid estrogens (i.e., estrone, 17 beta-estradiol, estriol, and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol) by PMS under various conditions were investigated. PMS could fairly degrade steroid estrogens over the pH range of 7-10, and the degradation rate increased with the increase of solution pH. This pH-dependence was well described by parallel reactions between individual acid-base species of steroid estrogens (E and E-) and PMS (HSO5- and SO52-), where specific second-order rate constants for E- with HSO5- and SO52- were in the range of 2.11-5.58 M(-1)s(-1) and 0.77-1.25 M(-1)s(-1), respectively. Identification of oxidation products by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer showed that PMS readily oxidized the phenolic group of steroid estrogens, leading to the generation of hydroxylated and ring-opening products. The presence of bromide and chloride ions (Br- and Cl-) at environmentally relevant levels could greatly accelerate the degradation of steroid estrogens by PMS with the formation of halogenated aromatic products. This effect was quantitatively estimated by a kinetic model, where the formation of free bromine and chorine and their rapid electrophilic substitution with steroid estrogens were taken into consideration. Eco-toxicity of transformation products of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol by PMS treatment in the absence and presence of bromide and chloride was estimated by quantitative structure -activity relationship analysis using ECOSAR. These findings advance the understanding of ISCO using PMS. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available