Journal
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Volume 78, Issue -, Pages 183-190Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.043
Keywords
Hydrothermal liquefaction; Supercritical water; Sewage sludge; Bio-oil
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Funding
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland [3989/E-263/S/2017]
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Hydrothermal liquefaction experiments with a moist (water content 80.64 wt%) municipal sewage sludge (SS) were conducted at 280, 300, 320, 340 and 360 degrees C for raw and ultrasound pretreated (energy input 4500 kJ/kg of solid matter) sludge. The main aim of the experiments was to explore the effects of ultra-sounds on yields and composition of bio-oil and liquefaction by-products (gas and char). The bio-oils obtained were viscous, dark brown liquids with a specific odor and heating values in the range 31.39-37.35 MJ/kg. A temperature of 320 degrees C was found to be the optimum for the maximum yields of the SS derived bio-oil. During the tests a significant effect of ultrasounds on bio-oil yields was proven. A positive effect of ultrasound energy input was observed at each of the liquefaction temperatures and the maximum effect (increase of 19 wt% in bio-oil yield) was achieved at 320 degrees C. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the bio-oils were complex mixtures of many chemical compounds belonging to different chemical classes: aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, N-aliphatics, phenols, aromatic esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and carboxylic acids. It was found that influence of ultrasounds on the chemical composition of the bio-oils was negligible. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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