4.3 Article

Unresponsiveness to meglumine antimoniate in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis field isolates: analysis of resistance biomarkers by gene expression profiling

Journal

TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
Volume 23, Issue 6, Pages 622-633

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13062

Keywords

antimonial resistance; Leishmania tropica; genetic markers; real-time qPCR; Iran

Funding

  1. Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) [95822933]

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BackgroundResistance to antimonials is a fundamental determinant of treatment failure in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Detection of reliable molecular markers to distinguish unresponsive and responsive parasites is critical for consolidating strategies to monitor drug efficacy. MethodsWe analysed the expression of five major antimony resistance-associated genes that is aquaglyceroporin1 (AQP1), -glutamylcysteine synthetase (-GCS), multidrug resistance protein A (MRPA), trypanothione reductase (TR) and thiol-dependent reductase 1 (TDR1), in unresponsive and responsive Leishmania tropica field isolates by quantitative real-time PCR in comparison with sensitive and resistant reference strains. ResultsGene expression analysis showed the down-regulation of AQP1, -GCS and TDR1 by a factor of 1.9, 1.7 and 3.55, respectively, in unresponsive isolates vs. responsive ones. The average RNA expression level of MRPA increased by a factor of 1.9 in the unresponsive group. Isolates exhibited a strong positive linear correlation between gene expression of AQP1 and -GCS. A negative correlation between the AQP1 and -GCS expression level and lesion duration in responsive patients indicated the potential role in diagnosing drug-unresponsive parasites in endemic areas of ACL. ConclusionIn cases of inconclusive outcomes of resistance tests in clinical isolates, expression analysis of a set of influential genes can be beneficial to identify distinctive biomarkers between antimony-unresponsive and responsive parasites. Abstract ContexteLa resistance aux antimonies est un determinant fondamental de l'echec du traitement de la leishmaniose cutanee anthroponotique (LCA). La detection de marqueurs moleculaires fiables pour distinguer les parasites sensibles et non sensibles est essentielle pour consolider les strategies de surveillance de l'efficacite des medicaments. MethodesNous avons analyse l'expression de cinq genes majeurs associes a la resistance a l'antimoine: l'aquaglyceroporine1 (AQP1), la -glutamylcysteine synthetase ( -GCS), la proteine A de multiresistance aux medicaments (MRPA), la trypanothione reductase (TR) et la reductase thiol dependante 1 (TDR1), dans des isolats de Leishmania tropica repondant et non repondant au traitement, par la PCR quantitative en temps reel en comparaison a des souches de reference sensibles et resistantes. ResultatsL'analyse de l'expression genique a montre la regulation negative de AQP1, -GCS et TDR1 par un facteur de 1,9; 1,7 et 3,55 respectivement dans les isolats non repondants par rapport aux isolats repondants. Le niveau moyen d'expression de l'ARN pour MRPA augmentait d'un facteur 1,9 dans le groupe non repondant. Les isolats presentaient une forte correlation lineaire positive entre l'expression genique de AQP1 et -GCS. Une correlation negative entre le niveau d'expression de AQP1 et de -GCS et la duree de la lesion chez les patients repondant a indique le role potentiel dans le diagnostic des parasites non repondant aux medicaments dans les zones endemiques de la LCA. ConclusionEn cas de resultats non concluants des tests de resistance dans des isolats cliniques, l'analyse de l'expression d'un ensemble de genes influents peut etre benefique pour identifier les biomarqueurs distinctifs entre les parasites repondant et non repondant a l'antimoine.

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