Journal
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 26, Issue 7, Pages 598-610Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.11.011
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Funding
- Wellcome Trust [101794]
- Cancer Research UK [C35050/A22284]
- NRSA award [F32-113973]
- National Institute of Health [R01 AI129269, R01 NS36592, P01 AI060699]
- Cancer Research UK [22284] Funding Source: researchfish
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Viruses from the Coronaviridae, Togaviridae, and Hepeviridae families all contain genes that encode a conserved protein domain, called a macrodomain; however, the role of this domain during infection has remained enigmatic. The recent discovery that mammalian macrodomain proteins enzymatically remove ADP-ribose, a common post-translation modification, from proteins has led to an outburst of studies describing both the enzymatic activity and function of viral macrodomains. These new studies have defined these domains as de-ADP-ribosylating enzymes, which indicates that these viruses have evolved to counteract antiviral ADP-ribosylation, likely mediated by poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs). Here, we comprehensively review this rapidly expanding field, describing the structures and enzymatic activities of viral macrodomains, and discussing their roles in viral replication and pathogenesis.
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