Journal
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 26, Issue 11, Pages 943-954Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.05.009
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Funding
- Edward Mallinkcrodt Jr. Foundation
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01AI123394, R01HD092414]
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1143945]
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [R01HD092414] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI123394] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Recent years have witnessed an explosion of interest in the human microbiota. Although commensal bacteria have dominated research efforts to date, mounting evidence suggests that endogenous viral populations (the 'virome') play key roles in basic human physiology. The most numerous constituents of the human virome are not eukaryotic viruses but rather bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria. Here, we review phages' interactions with their immediate (prokaryotic) and extended (eukaryotic) hosts and with each other, with a particular emphasis on the temperate phages and prophages which dominate the human virome. We also discuss key outstanding questions in this emerging field and emphasize the urgent need for functional studies in animal models to complement previous in vitro work and current computational approaches.
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