Therapeutic potentials and compositional changes of valuable compounds from banana- A review

Banana is considered as a potential source of valuable nutraceutical bioactive compounds. In addition, It is not only considered as a fruit crop but also serve as high energy containing food in various parts of the world. The aim of this review is to evaluate the historical record, uses, biological activities, chemical composition and compositional changes during ripening behavior in both edible and non-edible part of banana. Recent studies have shown that banana as raw materials riches in valuable bioactive compounds including as vitamins, phytosterols, biogenic amines, phenolics, carotenoids, volatile compounds, minerals, starch and carbohydrates which are highly required in the diet as they play important role in the maintenance of human health and wellbeing. This paper also covers the potential biological activities of banana such as antidiarrheal, antiulcerative, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, wound healing, antilithiatic and anticancer activity. It also provide an outline of chemical constituents of banana named vitamins, polyphenols, steroids, triterpenes and amines, carotenoids, starch and carbohydrates, volatile compounds and mineral contents. Furthermore, with the development of fruit these beneficial bioactive compounds vary rapidly because of adopting atmospheric and standardized post and pre-harvested conditions. The mainstream sectors responsible for these changes are highlighted.