Journal
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
Volume 36, Issue 6, Pages 1122-1180Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00340.x
Keywords
collagen; extracellular matrix; host barriers; infection; laminin; microbial pathogenesis
Categories
Funding
- Alfred Osterlund
- Anna and Edwin Berger
- Gyllenstierna Krapperup
- Lars Hierta
- Greta Foundation
- Johan Kock Foundation
- Swedish Medical Research Council
- Physiographical Society
- Cancer Foundation at the University Hospital in Malmo
- Skane county council's research and development foundation
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Laminin (Ln) and collagen are multifunctional glycoproteins that play an important role in cellular morphogenesis, cell signalling, tissue repair and cell migration. These proteins are ubiquitously present in tissues as a part of the basement membrane (BM), constitute a protective layer around blood capillaries and are included in the extracellular matrix (ECM). As a component of BMs, both Lns and collagen(s), thus function as major mechanical containment molecules that protect tissues from pathogens. Invasive pathogens breach the basal lamina and degrade ECM proteins of interstitial spaces and connective tissues using various ECM-degrading proteases or surface-bound plasminogen and matrix metalloproteinases recruited from the host. Most pathogens associated with the respiratory, gastrointestinal, or urogenital tracts, as well as with the central nervous system or the skin, have the capacity to bind and degrade Lns and collagen(s) in order to adhere to and invade host tissues. In this review, we focus on the adaptability of various pathogens to utilize these ECM proteins as enhancers for adhesion to host tissues or as a targets for degradation in order to breach the cellular barriers. The major pathogens discussed are Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Yersinia, Treponema, Mycobacterium, Clostridium, Listeria, Porphyromonas and Haemophilus; Candida, Aspergillus, Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus and Coccidioides; Acanthamoeba, Trypanosoma and Trichomonas; retrovirus and papilloma virus.
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