Journal
TALANTA
Volume 189, Issue -, Pages 241-248Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.081
Keywords
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Solidification of the organic phase; In-syringe extraction; Open-source robotics; 3D printing; Flow analysis
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Funding
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2010/19910-9, 2014/03795-0, 2016/21950-5, 2017/02147-0]
- Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) [CTQ2016-47461-R]
- European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER) [CTQ2016-47461-R]
- Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion Grant [IJCI-2015-24056]
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In this work, the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique based on the solidification of the organic phase (DLLME-SFO) has been automated for the first time. DLLME-SFO is automated by hyphenating a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system with a custom-made robotic phase separator. Automated in-syringe DLLME is followed by phase separation in a 3D printed device integrating a Peltier cell set, mounted on a multi axis robotic arm. The combined action of the flow system and the robotic arm is controlled by a single software package, enabling the solidification/melting and collection of the organic phase for further analyte quantification. As proof-of-concept, automated DLLME-SFO was applied to the extraction of parabens followed by separation using liquid chromatography, obtaining LODs between 0.3 and 1.3 mu g L-1 (4 mL of sample extracted in 1 mL of 1-dodecanol: MeOH, 15:85, v-v). The method showed a high reproducibility, obtaining intraday RSDs between 4.6% and 5.8% (n = 6), and interday RSDs between 5.6% and 8.6% (n = 6). The developed method was evaluated for the determination of parabens in water, urine, saliva, and personal care products.
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