Journal
SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS
Volume 50, Issue 11, Pages 1132-1137Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/sia.6415
Keywords
Li-ion battery; LiNi0.8-yMnyCo0.2O2 (0 <= y <= 0.4); multiplet splitting; transition metal oxides; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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Funding
- Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy (BMWi)
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03SF0477B]
- German Research Foundation (DFG)
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This study presents the quantitative chemical state elucidation of newly developed LiNi0.8-yMnyCo0.2O2 (0 <= y <= 0.4) cathode materials for Li-ion batteries utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For reliable quantification of the chemical states of the transition metals, namely Mn, Co, and Ni, in particular, the complex peak structures consisting of significant photoelectron multiplet splitting, shake-up satellites, and additional Auger and photoelectron peak overlaps were incorporated. The template approach that has been used enables the unambiguous elucidation of the transition metals' oxidation states; even gradual changes in the Ni2+/Ni3+ ratio depending on the Ni content in the novel LiNi0.8-yMnyCo0.2O2 compound series can clearly be evidenced. In all cases, special care was taken with respect to air sensitivity, contamination during sample handling, and probable method-induced sample decomposition.
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